http://www.articlealley.com en-us editorial@articlealley.com Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) often known as CD289 (cluster of differentiation 289), is a member of the Toll-like receptor family that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular pattern. TLR9 was first cloned and identified as a receptor for unmethylated CpG-... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587981_17.html 24th July 2008 Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) often designated as CD288 (cluster of differentiation 288) is a member of evolutionarily conserved Toll-like receptor family which are critical parts of the evolutionarily conserved innate immune system. TLR8 has been identifie... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587977_17.html 24th July 2008 Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) often designated as CD286 (cluster of differentiation 286), is a member of the Toll-like receptor family, a highly conserved series of ancient innate immune pattern recognition receptors. TLR6 was first described by Takeuchi et... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587975_17.html 24th July 2008 Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a member of the evolutionarily conserved Toll-like receptor family, has evolved to permit mammals specifically to detect flagellated bacterial pathogens. Like all other members of the TLR family, TLR5 is composed of an extrace... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587974_17.html 24th July 2008 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) often designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284) is a class I transmembrane receptor belonging to the large homologous family of Toll like receptors. TLR4 expressed on the surface of immune system cells, is activated ... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587970_17.html 24th July 2008 Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), often designated as CD282 (cluster of differentiation 282) is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the large homologous family of Toll like receptors. TLR2 acts as functional receptor for both Gram-positive and Gram-neg... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587963_17.html 24th July 2008 Folates play an important role in protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis and are particularly recognized for their roles in spinal canal and brain development during early pregnancy. FR4 is expressed at high levels on both natural and TGF-b induced Tregs. ... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587959_17.html 24th July 2008 Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) was recently identified as a possible surface marker for naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and is constitutively expressed on the cell irrespective of its activation status. Nrp-1 is a type 1 membrane protein with thre... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587957_17.html 24th July 2008 Tumor metastasis plays a key role in assessing treatment strategies and an important factor in determining patient prognosis. Not surprisingly, significant effort has been focused on elucidating the molecular basis behind tumor metastasis. This understa... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587954_17.html 24th July 2008 Despite intense interest and scrutiny focused on FOXP3 as a key protein & master transcription factor, isolating and enriching for viable FOXP3 positive cells remains a challenge. Although cell separation/staining via CD4+CD25+ selection is commonly use... http://www.articlealley.com/article_587947_17.html 24th July 2008 The p53 family member, p73, also known as tumor protein 73 (TP73) has been recently identified as a structural and functional homolog of the tumor suppressor protein p53. In accordance with its structural similarity, p73 functions in a manner analogous to... http://www.articlealley.com/article_487311_17.html 10th March 2008 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers throughout the cell's cytoplasm that helps the cell maintain its shape and gives support to the cell. It is a cellular scaffolding or skeleton contained within the cytoplasm, present in both eukaryotes and prokaryot... http://www.articlealley.com/article_487304_17.html 10th March 2008 Hematopoiesis is governed by a number of cytokines that promote the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. Stem cell Marker (SCM; also known as kit ligand, mast cell growth factor, or steel factor) i... http://www.articlealley.com/article_487302_23.html 10th March 2008 Toll-like receptor (TLR) family is a phylogenetically conserved mediator of innate immunity that is essential for microbial recognition. TLRs are evolutionarily conserved and their congeners have been found in insects, plants, and mammals. Drosophila Toll... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463951_17.html 30th January 2008 The existing body of literature using Western blot analysis has been primarily defined with data from tumor, immortal, and primary cells growing in vitro. Collectively, results obtained over decades have been integral to the dogma that up- and down-regula... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463950_17.html 30th January 2008 RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of mRNA degradation that is induced by double-stranded RNA in a sequence-specific manner. RNAi has been observed in all eukaryotes, from yeast to mammals. The RNAi pathway is thought to be an ancient mechanism for pr... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463949_17.html 30th January 2008 Early development and differentiation of nascent T cells that migrate from bone marrow to become mature, naïve T cells, which are capable of responding to antigen takes place inside the thymus. Around 1010 TCR (T cell receptor) variations are generated i... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463948_17.html 30th January 2008 The classical pathway for activation of NF-kB, a key transcriptional regulator of the immune system, is controlled by the IKK complex. Activated IKK phosphorylates IkB which is ubiquitinated and rapidly degraded, allowing NF-kB to translocate from the cy... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463947_23.html 30th January 2008 As one of the largest and most diverse protein families in nature, the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily play important roles in a variety of biological and patho... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463944_17.html 30th January 2008 Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders. Through a series of steps called the ... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463943_17.html 30th January 2008 FOXP3 is a master regulator of immune homeostasis expressed specifically in CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells controlling their growth, development and function. FOXP3 significance in the normal development of Tregs is better elucidated with the fact that mu... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463942_17.html 30th January 2008 As research continues to unravel the molecular basis of regulatory T cells (Treg), FOXP3 has emerged as a key player in orchestrating development and function of natural Treg. Two recent publications identified GPR83 as specifically upregulated in fresh a... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463936_17.html 30th January 2008 As a major target for dopamine-activated adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A in the striatum, DARPP-32 plays a central role in regulating the efficacy of dopaminergic neurotransmission and can act either as a phosphatase or kinase inhibitor in a context... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463935_17.html 30th January 2008 IMGENEX offers over 90 Chromatin, DNA Methylation & Repair, and DNA Fragmentation-related antibodies, many of which have been cited in numerous peer-reviewed journals. These antibodies have been used to study transcriptional silencing, identify DNA-prote... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463934_17.html 30th January 2008 IMGENEX QuikChIP Certified Antibodies The Basics... The principle of the ChIP assay is simple: selective enrichment of a chromatin fraction containing a specific target. However, the process can be technically challenging. It is with these challenges i... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463931_17.html 30th January 2008 ATM, the gene product mutated in the cancer susceptibility syndrome ataxia–telangiectasia, is related to proteins involved in DNA repair and cell-cycle control. It encodes a nuclear 350 kDa phosphoprotein containing a carboxy terminus phosphatidylinosit... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463928_17.html 30th January 2008 The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family protects cells from self-execution by blocking the relentless caspase death cascade. IAPs bind to and inhibit activated caspases through their BIR domains. Some IAPs such as Livin also contain a RING domain that... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463926_17.html 30th January 2008 Akt family of serine/threonine-directed kinases regulates a diverse array of biological processes, including cellular survival, proliferation, glucose homeostasis, and vascular tone and are important molecules in mammalian cellular signaling. The three wi... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463923_17.html 30th January 2008 Actin is a ubiquitous protein involved in the formation of filaments that are major components of the cytoskeleton. It is the monomeric subunit of microfilaments, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, and of thin filaments which are part ... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463917_17.html 30th January 2008 All the cellular processes in living cells such as growth, development, morphogenesis and cellular differentiation are a product of gene expression programs involving complicated transcriptional regulation of several genes. This process of transcriptional... http://www.articlealley.com/article_463914_23.html 30th January 2008